Drones aren’t just for air and land—they can operate underwater, too. Autonomous underwater vehicles can reduce costs for monitoring, building and maintaining underwater assets. Changing the business dynamics for marine construction potentially increasing underwater land usage. Improved mapping of underwater surfaces will reduce the cost of laying the transatlantic cables that serve as the backbone of the internet, enabling increased competition and connectivity. Military autonomous underwater vehicles could be used for security, intelligence, countermeasures, network infrastructure, and port security. These roles could be offensive or defensive.