Natalie Portman, Emma Watson, Taylor Swift and Daisy Ridley—smart, talented artists—began “appearing” in adult videos in late 2018.

Convincing short clips were made using deepfake techniques and soon went viral on Reddit. Not too long after, another Reddit user published a mobile application allowing anyone to make their own porn deepfakes.

This poses a particular problem for public figures, because right now there isn’t an easy way for the average person to tell what’s real and what’s fake. Photos and videos can spread through social networks and online without much protection for those victimized.

In the absence of digital tools to spot fakes, we’re left relying on critical thinking and common sense.